Virginia Administrative Code (Last Updated: January 10, 2017) |
Title 12. Health |
Agency 5. Department of Health |
Chapter 590. Waterworks Regulations |
Section 440. Analytical methods
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All drinking water analyses for compliance purposes shall have been performed by analytical methods that are consistent with current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations found at 40 CFR Part 141 and 40 CFR Part 143. Laboratories seeking certification to perform drinking water analyses shall comply with all applicable regulations promulgated by the Department of General Services, Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services.
Testing for alkalinity, calcium, conductivity, disinfectant residual, orthophosphate, pH, silica, temperature, and turbidity for compliance purposes may be performed by any person or party acceptable to the commissioner.
Table 2.2 ― Inorganic Chemicals.
Substance
Primary Maximum Contaminant Level (mg/L)
Antimony
0.006
Arsenic (As)
0.010***
Asbestos
7 Million Fibers/Liter (longer than 10 um)
Barium (Ba)
2
Beryllium
0.004
Cadmium (Cd)
0.005
Chromium (Cr)
0.1
Cyanide (as free Cyanide)
0.2
Fluoride (F)
4.0 #
Mercury (Hg)
0.002
Nickel
No Limits Designated
Nitrate (as N)
10**
Nitrite (as N)
1
Total Nitrate and Nitrite (as N)
10
Selenium (Se)
0.05
Thallium
0.002
Substance
Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (mg/L)
Chloride (Cl)
250.0
Copper (Cu)
1.0
Corrosivity
Noncorrosive, See Appendix B
Fluoride
2.0
Foaming Agents
0.5*
Iron (Fe)
0.3
Manganese (Mn)
0.05
Sodium (Na)
No Limits Designated
Sulfate (SO4)
250.0
Zinc (Zn)
5.0
Substance
Action Level (mg/L)
Lead (Pb)
0.015
Copper (Cu)
1.3
# Note. For artificially fluoridated waterworks the minimum concentration of fluoride should be 0.8 mg/L and the maximum should be 1.0 mg/L. The optimum control limit is 0.9 mg/L. (See Appendix B)
*Note. Concentration reported in terms of Methylene Blue Active Substances.
**Note. See Appendix B for Exception Regarding Noncommunity Waterworks.
***Note. The PMCL for arsenic is 0.010 mg/L for community and nontransient noncommunity waterworks effective January 23, 2006. Arsenic sampling results shall be reported to the nearest 0.001 mg/L.
Table 2.3 ― Organic Chemicals.
Substance
Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels (mg/L)
VOC
1. Vinyl Chloride
0.002
2. Benzene
0.005
3. Carbon Tetrachloride
0.005
4. 1,2‑Dichloroethane
0.005
5. Trichloroethylene (TCE)
0.005
6. 1,1‑Dichloroethylene
0.007
7. 1,1,1‑Trichloroethane
0.2
8. para‑Dichlorobenzene
0.075
9. cis‑1,2‑Dichloroethylene
0.07
10. 1,2‑Dichloropropane
0.005
11. Ethylbenzene
0.7
12. Monochlorobenzene
0.1
13. o‑Dichlorobenznen
0.6
14. Styrene
0.1
15. Tetrachloroethylene
0.005
16. Toluene
1
17. trans‑1,2‑Dichloroethylene
0.1
18. Xylene (total)
10
19. Dichloromethane
0.005
20. 1,2,4‑Trichlorobenzene
0.07
21. 1,1,2‑Trichloroethane
0.05
SOC
1. Alachlor
0.002
2. Atrazine
0.003
3. Carbofuran
0.04
4. Chlordane
0.002
5. Heptachlor
0.0004
6. Heptachlor epoxide
0.0002
7. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
0.0005
8. Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
0.0002
9. Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
0.00005
10. Lindane
0.0002
11. Methoxychlor
0.04
12. Toxaphene
0.003
13.4‑Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4‑D)
0.07
14. 2,4,5‑Trichlorophenoxypropionic Acid (2,4,5‑TP or Silvex)
0.05
15. Reserved
16. Reserved
17. Reserved
18. Pentachlorophenol
0.001
19. Benzo(a)pyrene
0.0002
20. Dalapon
0.2
21. Di(2‑ethylhexy)adipate
0.4
22. Di(2‑ethylhexy)phthalate
0.006
23. Dinoseb
0.007
24. Diquat
0.02
25. Endothall
0.1
26. Endrin
0.002
27. Glyphosate
0.7
28. Hexachlorobenzene
0.001
29. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.05
30. Oxamyl (Vydate)
0.2
31. Picloram
0.5
32. Simazine
0.004
33. 2,3,7,8‑TCDD (Dioxin)
3 X 10-8
Table 2.4 ― Physical Quality.
Parameter
Maximum Contaminant Level
Concentration
Color
Secondary
15 Color Units
Odor
Secondary
3 Threshold odor numbers
pH
Secondary
6.5‑8.5
Total Dissolved
Secondary
500 mg/L Solids (TDS)
Turbidity
Primary
*1 Turbidity Unit
* See Appendix B for operational requirements.
Table 2.5 ― Radiological Quality.
A. Maximum Contaminant Level Goals for Radionuclides
Substance
MCLG
1. Combined radium-226 and radium-228
Zero
2. Gross alpha particle activity (excluding Radon and uranium)
Zero
3. Beta particle and photon radioactivity
Zero
4. Uranium
Zero
B. Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels for Radionuclides
Substance
Primary Maximum Contaminant Level
1. Combined radium‑226 and radium‑228
5 pCi/L
2. Gross Alpha Activity (excluding Radon and Uranium)
15 pCi/L
3. Uranium
30 μg/L
Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels for Beta Particle and Photon Radioactivity from Man-Made Radionuclides
1. The average annual concentration of Beta particle and Photon radioactivity from man-made radionuclides in drinking water shall not produce an annual dose equivalent to the total body or any internal organ greater than 4 millirem/year.
2. Except for the radionuclides listed in Schedule I, the concentration of man-made radionuclides causing 4 MREM total body or organ dose equivalents shall be calculated on the basis of a 2 liter per day drinking water intake using the 168-hour data listed in "Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radionuclides in Air and Water for Occupational Exposure," MBS Handbook 69 as amended August 1963, U.S. Department of Commerce. If two or more radionuclides are present, the sum of their annual dose equivalent to the total body or to any organ exceed 4 millirem/year.
Schedule 1
Average annual concentrations assumed to produce a total body organ dose of 4 mrem/year.
Radionuclide
Critical Organ
pCi/liter
Tritium
Total Body
20,000
Strontium‑90
Bone Marrow
8
* See Appendix B
Table 2.6 ― Unregulated Contaminant Organics to be Monitored.
Group A
1. Chloroform
12. Chloromethane
2. Bromodichloromethane
13. Bromoethane
3. Chlorodibromomethane
14. 1,2,3‑Trichloropropane
4. Bromoform
15. 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
5. Chlorobenzene
16. Chloroethane
6. m‑Dichlorobenzene
17. 2,2‑Dichloropropane
7. Dibromomethane
18. o‑Chlorotoluene
8. 1,1‑Dichloropropene
19. p‑Chlorotoluene
9. 1,1‑Dichloroethane
20. Bromobenzene
10. 1,1,2,2‑Tetrachloroethane
21. 1,3‑Dichloropropene
11. 1,3‑Dichloropropane
Group B
1. Aldrin
8. Metoachlor
2. Butachlor
9. Metribuzin
3. Carbaryl
10. Propachlor
4. Dicamba
11. Aldicarb
5. Dieldrin
12. Aldicarb sulfone
6. Methomyl
13. Aldicarb sulfoxide
7. 3‑Hyposycarbofuran
Table 2.7 ― Reserved
Table 2.8 ― Organic Chemical Monitoring Implementation Schedule.
Number of Persons Served
Monitoring to Begin During the Quarter that Begins
Over 10,000
January 1,1988
3,300 to 10,000
January 1,1989
less than 3,300
January 1,1991
Table 2.9 ― PMCL Effective Dates.
Table 2.3, Organics Chemicals, VOC 1 through 8 (Phase I)
January 9, 1989
Total Trihalomethanes and Fluoride
July 1, 1991
Table 2.3, Organics Chemicals, VOC 9 through 18 and SOC 1 through 14 (Phase II VOCs and SOCs)
July 30, 1992
Asbestos, Cadmium, Chromium, Mercury, Nitrate, Nitrite, Total Nitrate+Nitrite, Selenium (Phase II IOCs)
July 30, 1992
Table 2.3, Organics Chemicals, SOC 15 through 18 and Table 2.2, Inorganic Chemicals, Barium (Phase II SOCs and IOCs)
January 1, 1993
Table 2.3, Organics Chemicals, VOC 19 through 21, SOC 19 through 33 and Table 2.2, Inorganic Chemicals; antimony, beryllium, cyanide (as free cyanide), nickel, and thallium
January 17, 1994
Uranium
December 8, 2003
E. coli
April 1, 2016
Table 2.10 ― Maximum Contaminant Level Goals for Microbiological Contaminants.
Contaminant
MCLG
Giardia lamblia
Zero
Viruses
Zero
Legionella
Zero
Cryptosporidium
Zero
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Zero
Table 2.11 ― Maximum Contaminant Level Goals for Disinfection Byproducts.
Disinfection byproduct
MCLG (mg/L)
Bromate
Zero
Bromodichloromethane
Zero
Bromoform
Zero
Chlorite
0.8
Chloroform
0.07
Dibromochloromethane
0.06
Dichloroacetic acid
Zero
Monochloroacetic acid
0.07
Trichloroacetic acid
0.02
Table 2.12 ― Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goals (MRDLG) and Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDL) for Disinfectants
Disinfectant residual
MRDLG (mg/L)
MRDL (mg/L)
Chlorine
4 (as Cl2)
4.0 (as Cl2)
Chloramines
4 (as Cl2)
4.0 (as Cl2)
Chlorine dioxide
0.8 (as ClO2)
0.8 (as ClO2)
Notwithstanding the MRDLs in Table 2.12, owners may increase residual disinfectant levels in the distribution system of chlorine or chloramines (but not chlorine dioxide) to a level and for a time necessary to protect public health, to address specific microbiological contamination problems caused by circumstances such as, but not limited to, distribution line breaks, storm run-off events, source water contamination events, or cross-connection events.
Table 2.13 ― Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels (PMCL) for Disinfection Byproducts
Disinfection byproduct
PMCL (mg/L)
Total trihalomethanes (TTHM)
0.080
Haloacetic Acids (five) (HAA5)
0.060
Bromate
0.010
Chlorite
1.0
Historical Notes
Derived from VR355-18-004.11 § 2.11, eff. June 23, 1993; amended, Volume 12, Issue 02, eff. November 15, 1995; Volume 18, Issue 19, eff. July 3, 2002; Volume 19, Issue 17, eff. June 4, 2003; Volume 19, Issue 24, eff. September 10, 2003; Volume 22, Issue 15, eff. May 3, 2006; Volume 22, Issue 24, eff. September 6, 2006; Volume 25, Issue 05, eff. December 10, 2008; Volume 28, Issue 05, eff. December 7, 2011; Volume 33, Issue 03, eff. November 2, 2016.