Section 1280:7. APPENDIX G. MONITORING AND REPORTING

APPENDIX G. MONITORING AND REPORTING.

Analytical laboratory control testing, monitoring, and analyses at waterworks are made to control plant operation, to record plant performance, and to monitor conditions in the distribution system. Test results properly recorded, compiled and reported can be invaluable in improving plant performance, efficiency and cost effectiveness. Operational control testing should present evidence that the water has been properly prepared for each step in the treatment process. Testing should provide evidence that each process has proceeded according to its intended purpose and that finished water is clean, free from taste and odor, free from undesirable chemicals and considered safe.

Analytical equipment used to determine compliance with 12VAC5-590-510 D shall be of the laboratory type (continuous monitoring equipment may be acceptable if demonstrated to be accurate by correlation with a laboratory type instrument each shift) approved for use at the waterworks per 12VAC5-590-760.

These suggested monitoring and reporting requirements should be used as a guide in preparing, modifying, and reviewing operation monthly reports.

The field office of the Office of Water Programs will notify in writing each individual waterworks of the operation monthly report requirements and supply the waterworks with a standard example report form or will assist in the development of system specific report forms.

The following are suggested operation monthly report requirements that should be reported to the appropriate field office:

ALL SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS:

Number of hours in operation

- hours per day in operation

Raw water treated

- gpd and monthly total at each entry point

Finished water produced

- gpd and monthly total

Finished water used for treatment process

- monthly total

Finished water delivered to consumers

- monthly total

accountability (water lost) in distribution system

- percentage

Raw water temperature

- average °C or °F

Number of connections

- monthly average

Population served

- monthly average

Treatment plant maintenance activities

- brief summary of major activities

Chemical feeder laboratory and instrument calibration as appropriate

- quarterly for each chemical feeder or instrument unless specified elsewhere, i.e., fluoride feeders or manufacturer recommended

Waterworks not requiring operators in attendance whenever the plant is in operation may reduce some of the daily requirements.

WATERWORKS THAT PROVIDE DISINFECTION BY CHLORINATION:

Water plant monitoring:

Chlorine compound used

- liquid, dry, calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite

Amount of chlorine compound used at each application point

daily gallons or pounds

Date chlorine compound replenished

- for each application point

Free chlorine residual testing after the chlorine contact period

- every two hours of plant operation for waterworks requiring operators in attendance whenever the plant is in operation (see 12VAC5-590-440 B). Records must be kept of each residual determination. The daily lowest/highest residuals measured and the number of measurements taken should be reported.

- once per day for waterworks providing treatment or only disinfection and serving 400 or more persons and not requiring operators in attendance whenever the plant is in operation.

- frequency for waterworks providing only disinfection and serving less than 400 persons shall be set by the division on an individual basis.

- daily or at the same time as chlorine residual testing if less than daily.

Distribution system monitoring:

Free chlorine testing

- seven days per week for waterworks serving 400 or more persons

- five days per week for waterworks serving less than 400 persons

- number of tests per test day and test locations shall be set by the division on an individual basis. Records must be kept of each residual determination. The lowest, highest and average residuals measured and the number of measurements taken should be reported.

Total chlorine residual testing

- once per week at locations reflecting the maximum residence time of the water in the system

- number of tests per test day and test locations shall be set by the division on an individual basis. Records must be kept of each residual determination. The average residual measured and the number of measurements should be reported.

pH

- daily or at the same time of chlorine residual testing if less than daily.

NOTE: If the system performs disinfection utilizing the combined chlorine residual process, total residual testing should be substituted for free residual testing.

WATERWORKS EMPLOYING TURBIDITY REMOVAL:

Raw water monitoring:

pH

- electrometrically, every two hours

Alkalinity

- total, once per shift

Hardness

- total, once per shift

Turbidity

- NTU, every two hours

Raw water chemical treatment:

Coagulant

- type, weight applied, dosage

Coagulant aids

- type, weight applied, dosage

Stabilizing chemicals

- type, weight applied, dosage

Taste and odor control chemicals

- type, weight applied, dosage

Treated water (postflash mix) monitoring:

pH

- electrometrically, twice per shift

Coagulation control

- set on an individual basis

Alkalinity

- total, once per shift

Settled water (applied water) monitoring:

Turbidity

- NTU, must be from each sedimentation basin for high rate, may be from top of filter for rapid rate, every two hours

Chlorine residual

- type and daily average, every two hours

Settled water (applied water) chemical treatment:

Chemical

- type, weight applied and dosage

Filter aids

- type, weight applied and dosage

Filtered water monitoring:

Turbidity

- NTU, from each filter, every two hours, report maximum for the day

Filter operation:

Filters in operation

- number

Filter run time

- number hours between backwashes

Head loss

- each filter, end of each day or prior to backwash

Backwash time

- average, minutes

Backwash rate

- maximum, gpm

Backwash water

- gallons used

Rewash time

- if provided, average, minutes

Filter drop test results

- each filter tested quarterly

Filter rise rate test results

- each filter tested semiannually

Filtered water chemical treatment:

Stabilizing chemical

- type, weight applied per day, average dosage

Finished water monitoring:

pH

- electrometrically, every two hours

Alkalinity

- total, once per shift

Hardness

- total and calcium, once per shift

Turbidity

- NTU, every two hours

Chlorine residual

- every two hours low/high average

NOTES:

1. Daily averages and highest daily reading of the results of the required number of tests or measurements should be reported except for filtered water turbidity. Records of each test should be kept.

2. Frequency of testing is on a per shift basis unless otherwise indicated.

3. Number of tests per shift shall be set by the division on an individual basis.

4. Exact location of sample collection or testing shall be set by the division on an individual basis.

5. Where multiple sources are available, raw water data must be reported for each source.

WATERWORKS PRACTICING RECYCLE:

Recycle flow monitoring:

- total flows recycled, gallons

- average and maximum return rate of combined recycle flows

WATERWORKS FLUORIDATING:

Type of compound used

- chemical name

Amount of compound used at each application point

- pounds, daily

Feeder calibration date

- monthly

Hardness of water applied to sodium fluoride saturate feeders (where softners is required)

- weekly

Fluoride ion concentration in finished water

- one test per shift, minimum of one daily (monthly split sample with DCLS)

Fluoride ion concentration in the distribution system where two or more entry points contain fluoride

- frequency and location of tests shall be set by the division on an individual basis, both the minimum and maximum values must be reported

WATERWORKS EMPLOYING SOFTENING:

Lime, excess lime, and excess lime-soda processes:

- type, frequency and location of tests shall be set by the division on an individual basis

Cation exchange process:

Ion exchange material

- type, trade name

Regeneration

- date and method, each unit

Backwashing

- date and duration of washing, each unit

Softener influent hardness

- daily, each source

Softener effluent hardness

- daily, each unit

Blended water hardness

- daily, where appropriate

Stabilization chemical

- type, weight, applied daily dosage, stablized pH, alkalinity, hardness

WATERWORKS EMPLOYING IRON AND MANGANESE CONTROL:

Removal by oxidation using continuous potassium permanganate regeneration, detention, and filtration:

Raw water iron and manganese concentrations

- daily, each source

Pre-oxidation chemical (usually chlorine prior to application of permanganate)

- type, amount applied daily at each source and average dosage

Iron and manganese concentration prior to application of permanganate

- daily

Potassium permanganate

- amount applied daily and average dosage

Filter influent iron and manganese concentrations

- daily, each filter

Filter effluent iron and manganese concentrations

- daily, each filter

Removal by ion exchange:

Ion exchange material

- type, trade name

Regeneration

- date, each unit and method

Backwashing

- date and duration of washing each unit

Raw water iron and manganese concentrations

- daily, each source

Exchange unit iron and manganese influent concentrations

- daily, each unit

Exchange unit iron and manganese effluent concentrations

- daily, each unit

NOTES:

1. Ion exchange process may also remove barium and radium which should be included or substituted in reporting.

2. Testing for other removal processes will be set by the division on an individual basis.

WATERWORKS EMPLOYING STABILIZATION BY:

The addition of carbon dioxide or acid to waters treated with excess lime for softening or manganese removal;

The addition of an alkali to reduce free carbon dioxide;

The addition of either soda ash or caustic soda to produce the desired calcium carbonate film where the alkalinity exceeds 35 mg/L;

The addition of lime to produce the desired calcium carbonate film where the water is soft;

The addition of a mixture of lime and soda ash to produce the desired calcium carbonate film where the water is soft and has a low carbon dioxide content;

The addition of polyphosphates for sequestering dissolved minerals.

Each chemical addition process should be monitored to determine the effectiveness of stabilization treatment and concentration of chemicals in the treated water. The type, frequency, and location of tests shall be set by the division on an individual basis.

WATERWORKS EMPLOYING TASTE AND ODOR CONTROL BY:

The addition of copper sulfate or other copper compounds to the reservoir;

The addition of activated carbon to the shallow areas of the reservoir;

The addition of potassium permanganate, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, or oxygen through aeration to the raw water;

The addition of powdered activated carbon to the treatment process at various locations; or

The use of granular activated carbon absorption units.

Each process should be monitored to ensure the threshold odor number does not exceed three. The dosage or application rates should be monitored to ensure correct control. The type, frequency, and location of tests and the reporting of usage shall be set by the division on an individual basis.

WATERWORKS EMPLOYING COLOR REMOVAL:
Raw water color -	platinum - cobalt method
Settled water color -	platinum - cobalt method
Finished water color -	platinum - cobalt method

Monitoring, reporting, and frequencies shall be set by the division on an individual basis.

CONSECUTIVE WATERWORKS:

Finished water purchased

- gallons per month per source

Finished water delivered to consumers

- gallons per month

Accountability

- percentage

Number of connections

- monthly average

Population served

- monthly average

Free chlorine residual testing in the distribution system

- same as for waterworks that provide disinfection by chlorination

Total chlorine residual testing in the distribution system

- same as for waterworks that provide disinfection by chlorination

Historical Notes

Amended, Volume 19, Issue 20, eff. July 16, 2003.

Statutory Authority

§§ 32.1-12 and 32.1-170 of the Code of Virginia.